Biosystems Engineering - a recent paper

The application of precision livestock farming technology is heavily reliant on the identification of individuals. However, due to the cost and time constraints, finishing pigs are rarely tagged or otherwise identified. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of using deep learning on 3D spatial data to identify individual finishing pigs and to quantify the amount of data required, image resolution needed, and frequency of retraining for continuous identification using two different architectures: PointNet (which utilises point clouds directly) and 3D convolution neural network (3D CNN). Digital/depth images were collected using ToF (Time of Flight) camera positioned over RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) instrumented drinkers. A subset of this data were used for this initial validation study, which included 31976 images from eight pigs over 14 days. The data were then processed to create different sets of training and testing data with varying point sets (1500, 3000, 6000, 12000, 24000, and 48000) for point clouds and voxel sizes (50, 35, 25, and 15 mm) for 3D CNN. The findings revealed that the 3D CNN model achieved the highest F1 score of 0.91 after the sixth training session with a point voxel size of 15 mm. PointNet achieved its highest F1 score of 0.90 after five training sessions with a point set size of 1500 points. This study underscores the potential of utilising deep learning techniques for the purpose of individual pig identification within actual barn environments, including those with natural lighting conditions.